JELL (Journal of English Language and Literature) STIBA-IEC Jakarta

Language Style in After We Collided Movie: A Study on Sociolinguistic

sri arfani fani, Ester Natasya Putri — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines the language styles used by the main characters, Hardin Scott and Tessa Young, in the movie After We Collided through a sociolinguistic approach. The study applies Martin Joos’ theory of five language styles: frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate, and Janet Holmes’ four social factors: participant, topic, setting, and function that influence language choice. The objectives are to identify the types of language styles, analyze the influencing factors, and determine the most dominant style. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the researcher collected dialogue data from the movie, categorized each utterance by language style, identified the social factors affecting it, and calculated the frequency of use. The results reveal four language styles: casual (25 data), consultative (15 data), intimate (8 data), and formal (1 data), while frozen style was not found. Casual style is the most dominant, as most conversations occur in relaxed, emotional, and spontaneous situations. The most influential factors are topic and function (7 data each), followed by setting (5 data) and participant (3 data). These findings confirm that emotional dynamics and communicative purposes strongly shape language style, enhancing the authenticity of the dialogue and effectively portraying the evolving relationship between the main characters.

The Correlation of Vocabulary Mastery on Students’ Speaking Ability

Kunah Kunah, Supriyani Supriyani, Handoko Handoko — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between students' proficiency with vocabulary and their capacity to speak, as well as to gather evidence that this association is substantial. This research methodology is a kind of non-experimental research that employs quantitative techniques with a correlational model. The study was carried out on students in class VIII at SMPN 1 Kroya. Out of the 305 students in class VIII, a sample of 62 students or two classes were chosen; consequently, a cluster random sampling technique was utilized in the chosen classes. Tests of learning outcomes, documentation, English comprehension skills, and research instruments were used to gather research data throughout learning activities. A correlation test utilizing Pearson Product Moment Correlation is performed once all the analysis findings are normally distributed. The study's findings indicate a relationship between class VIII at SMPN 1 Kroya's speaking abilities and vocabulary mastery. The lowest scores for students' vocabulary mastery and speaking ability exams were 24 and 25 points. A correlation coefficient value of 0.969 was derived using the SPSS 23 program's computations. This indicates a strong correlation between the two variables, with a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted if the significance test result is Sig < 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is then accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, indicating that there is a connection between students' speaking proficiency at SMPN 1 Kroya and their vocabulary competence.

The Discursive Contestation of Care: A Critical Analysis of Medical Communication, Power, and Ethics in Heart of a Child (1994)

Budiarto Budiarto, Suhendar Suhendar — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study provides a multi-theoretical discourse analysis of the 1994 film Heart of a Child, focusing on how language mediates institutional power, emotional vulnerability, and ethical decision-making in medical contexts. Drawing on Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of heteroglossia, Deborah Tannen’s distinction between “report-talk” and “rapport-talk,” John Gottman’s research on relational communication, and J.L. Austin and John Searle’s Speech Act Theory, this analysis demonstrates how clinical discourse functions as a centralizing force while parents’ emotional language provides a decentralized counter-discourse. The findings reveal that medical authority is actively performed and contested through linguistic choices, not merely asserted. The study emphasizes the historical tension between medical paternalism and the emerging emphasis on patient autonomy, particularly in relation to anencephalic organ donation. This paper contributes to the understanding of contemporary healthcare communication and bioethics by emphasizing the performative nature of medical decision-making

The Effectiveness of the Direct Method in Enhancing Public Elementary Students’ Speaking Skills

Bejo Sutrisno, Silvia Sanusi, Budi Rachmawati — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the effectiveness of the Direct Method in improving elementary students’ English speaking skills and explores students’ responses toward learning English through this approach. The research was conducted at Bu Lani’s Tutor House in Depok and involved 12 first-grade students from public elementary schools. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining a quasi-experimental approach with descriptive qualitative analysis, in which the researcher also acted as the instructor. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews. Students’ speaking skills were assessed using five criteria: vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, fluency, and consistency. The findings indicate a significant improvement in students’ speaking skills after 22 instructional sessions using the Direct Method. Pre-test results showed very low proficiency, with most students scoring 0 or 1 and a total score of 12. In contrast, post-test results demonstrated a substantial increase, reaching a total score of 140. Improvements were particularly evident in fluency, vocabulary, pronunciation, and consistency, although grammatical accuracy remained relatively challenging. Classroom observations confirmed steady progress throughout the learning process, as several students who initially struggled became able to initiate simple conversations using limited vocabulary. Interview results further revealed a positive change in students’ perceptions of English learning; initially viewed as confusing, English lessons became enjoyable through the use of games, songs, and realia. In conclusion, the Direct Method is effective in enhancing young learners’ English speaking skills and promoting positive attitudes toward English learning, even in non-bilingual educational settings.

Designed to Connect: David’s Programmed Emotional Responses in A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)

priyoto priyoto, Sri Marleni, Bayu Hari Yudanto, Amira Raihana Amalia — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the programmed emotional responses of David, the central humanoid robot in Steven Spielberg's A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), with a focus on emotional connections design between artificial beings and humans. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, integrating film analysis and theories of human-AI interaction to explore the narrative and technological frameworks that shape David's emotional expressions. The findings indicate that while David's emotional programming successfully evokes empathy and connection, it also prompts critical discussions about the authenticity of artificial emotions and their implications for human relationships. This study contributes to the broader dialogue on the role of emotions in AI development and their potential societal impacts

Barbie’s Existential Awakening: Existential Questions of Identity, Mortality, and Meaning in Greta Gerwig’s Barbie 2023

Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Greta Gerwig’s Barbie (2023) illustrates how popular cinema can act as a platform for philosophical exploration, especially viewed through the perspective of existentialism. Though the movie is well-known for its satirical examination of gender roles and consumer culture, it additionally offers a more profound storyline that explores themes of identity, mortality, and significance. The background of the study lies in the increasing acknowledgment of film as a cultural text capable of refelcting and challenging philosophical issues. The aim is to examine Barbie’s existential turmoil and Ken’s concurrent quest for independence through the lenses of Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Martin Heidegger, and Viktor Frankl. Using a qualitative approach, the study utilizes detailed analysis of important scenes and theoretical triangulation to explore themes of freedom, responsibility, authenticity, and the quest for meaning. The findings reveal that Barbie's encounter with imperfection and mortality represents Heidegger's concept of being-toward-death, whereas her choice to accept humanity signifies Frankl's logotherapy. Ken's reinterpretation of masculinity reinforces Beauvoir's and Sartre's focus on identity shaped by one's own choices. In the end, the research finds that Barbie goes beyond mere entertainment, providing a relatable yet deep examination of existentialist concepts and showcasing the philosophical possibilities of popular film

Constructing Persona and Identity in Charli XCX’s Brat Album

Eny Suprihandani, Ikhwan Muslim, Abdulloh Abdulloh, Riscky Wirayudha — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines how Charli XCX constructs and performs persona and identity in her 2024 album Brat. In contemporary pop music, persona functions as a performative self that mediates between an artist’s private identity and public image. While previous studies have explored musical persona and identity in popular music, limited attention has been given to the analysis of a full hyperpop album that integrates lyrics, vocal delivery, and production as a cohesive character construction. Addressing this gap, this research aims to analyze (1) how persona and identity are constructed in Brat, (2) the recurring emotional and character traits that define Charli XCX’s performed self, and (3) how the album reflects her identity in relation to themes of fame, vulnerability, and digital culture. Using a qualitative method, the study applies textual and interpretive analysis to all fifteen tracks of Brat, treating the album as a cultural text. The findings reveal that Charli XCX presents a fluid and shifting persona that oscillates between confidence, rebellion, insecurity, and emotional fragility. These traits are reinforced through minimalist lyrics, varied vocal performances, and experimental electronic production. The study concludes that Brat functions as both a personal and performative work, demonstrating how contemporary pop albums serve as spaces for identity construction through sound, voice, and cultural expression

An Analysis of Imagery in a Collection of Poems by Laksmi Pamuntjak in Goenawan Mohamad's Poetry

Julyanta Br Sitepu, Sarah Rahma Fauziah, Abdul Muhid Murtadho — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyses both the difficulties and achievements involved in translating Goenawan Mohamad’s modern lyric poetry, which is known for its philosophical richness, compact diction, and ambiguity. It focuses on sensory imagery as a key element in shaping readers’ experiences and evaluates how effective the translator, Laksmi Pamuntjak, maintains aesthetic equivalence—balancing poetic form and meaning—when rendering imagery in the target language. This study uses a Qualitative Descriptive Method with a Text-Based Comparative Study design, analyzing 80 units of imagery. The results of the study show that all seven types of sensory imagery (Visual, Auditory, Tactile, Kinesthetic, Gustatory, Olfactory, and Organic) appear in the translations, confirming the achievement of a complete sensory spectrum. The key findings are the strong dominance of Visual Imagery with 36 occurrences and Kinesthetic Imagery with 31 occurrences.

A Study of Affixation in Korean Students' Descriptive Composition BIPA Advanced Level

Agus Sulaeman, Kim Dong Hoon — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the use of affixation in narrative texts that highlight natural phenomena and the experiences of the speakers in them. Affixation is one of the morphological processes in Indonesian that plays an important role in word formation, word class changes, and the development of meaning in a discourse. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The research data are in the form of linguistic units containing affixation processes found in the text, including prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and confixes. The data collection technique was carried out using the listening and note-taking method through careful reading of the analyzed text. The results of the study show that the analyzed text contains the use of prefixes, suffixes, and confixes, while infixes are not found. The dominant prefixes used include me-, di-, ber-, and ter- which function to form active verbs, passive verbs, and express states and events. Suffixes such as -an, -itas, and -nya play a role in forming concrete and abstract nouns, as well as providing emphasis on meaning in sentences. In addition, the confixes me-kan, me-i, and ke--an are used to form causative meanings, processes, and certain states or situations. The absence of infixes indicates that the text makes greater use of productive and commonly used affixation forms in modern Indonesian.

A Comparative Analysis of Metaphors in ‘Rearrange My World’ By Daniel Cesar and Rex Orange County Using Lakoff and Johnson’s and Goatly’s Theories

Diah Resmisari, Yosephine Dinda, Susari Nugraheni, Mukhlasul Fasikh — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the use of metaphorical language in the song ‘Rearrange My World’ by Daniel Caesar and Rex Orange County using two analytical approaches: Conceptual Metaphor Theory proposed by (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and Goatly’s rhetorical classification of metaphor (1997). The study aims to identify metaphorical expressions in the song and examine their general meanings as well as differences in interpretation across the two frameworks. The findings reveal eight metaphorical expressions, which are classified into structural and ontological metaphors under Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Based on Goatly’s classification, the same expressions are categorised as active, inactive, subjective, asymmetric, and dead metaphors. The analysis shows that the metaphors in the song represent emotional experiences by mapping abstract concepts onto concrete domains such as movement, objects, and space. By applying both frameworks, the study demonstrates that metaphor functions not only as a cognitive mechanism for structuring abstract experience but also as a rhetorical device that shapes emotional expression in song lyrics. Overall, the findings confirm that metaphor plays a central role in meaning-making in contemporary popular music

Reconstructing Feminism through Gender Roles, Women’s Opportunities, and Love in Greta Gerwig’s Little Women

Sarsono Sarsono, Ryana Dewi, Abdulloh Abdulloh, Slamet Basuki, Eny Suprihandani — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the feminism issues faced by women in the film Little Women (2019) directed by Greta Gerwig which is adapted from the classic novel by Louisa May Alcott. This study also examines the representation of feminism in Greta Gerwig’s Little Women focusing on gender roles and expectations, women’s opportunities and ambitions, and the institution of love and marriage as sites of inequality and restriction. Using a qualitative descriptive method, a feminist approach and textual analysis, selected scenes and dialogues are examined to reveal how gender roles shape women’s ambitions and how marriage functions not merely as a romantic resolution but as an economic and ideological institution. The findings indicate that Gerwig’s adaptation reconstructs feminism by presenting diverse forms of female agency rather than a singular feminist ideal such as a) gender roles and expectations, b) woman’s opportunities and ambitions, c) love and marriage. The study concluded that some problems arose in Little Woman such as inequality and restrictions experienced by female characters Jo, Amy, Meg, and Beth, and how they deal with these issues in their own ways. They are not only showing incredible determination, but they are also actively making progress toward freedom and equality in their lives. Based on the analysis, the researcher hopes this study inspires and broadens to appreciate regardless of gender, both men and women

Analyzing Self-Perception Theory in Lady Gaga’s "Born This Way": A Psychological Study of Identity and Social Freedom

Nabila Putri Nurcahyani, Les Vis Leonard, Efron Trivosa Rynoldy, Dewi Anggraeni — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Pop music has long been recognized as a potent vehicle for cultural expression, yet its specific function as a cognitive behavioral tool remains under-explored in literary and psychological studies. While musical anthems are often viewed primarily as entertainment, recent interdisciplinary research suggests they play a crucial role in shaping individual identity and facilitating psychological resilience. Addressing this intersection of pop culture and social psychology, this study analyzes Lady Gaga’s anthem, "Born This Way," through the lens of Daryl Bem’s (1967) Self-Perception Theory. The primary objective is to investigate how the song functions not merely as an artistic expression of solidarity, but as a specific psychological instrument for identity reconstruction. Methodologically, the research utilizes a qualitative textual analysis to systematically map specific lyrical directives against Bem’s theoretical framework, interpreting them as behavioral stimuli that precede attitude formation. By examining cues such as the physical command to "put your paws up," the grooming ritual of "rolling hair," and the role-adoption of "being a queen," the analysis identifies how these external actions influence the listener’s self-concept. The results indicate that the song’s repetitive verbal affirmations and the rejection of "drag" (insecure) behaviors effectively reprogram the listener’s self-image by validating a "behavior-first" approach to confidence. Furthermore, the article connects these lyrical interventions to developmental psychology, illustrating how external validation and active social posturing foster a sense of social freedom. Ultimately, this research concludes that "Born This Way" operates as a mechanism for self-liberation, proving that the performance of confident actions is a precursor to the internal realization of self-worth

Idiomatic Expressions and Semiotic Analysis on Marvel's Avengers: Endgame (2019) Movie

Retno Ramadhina, Rina Husnaini Febriyanti, Neni Nurkhamidah — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this research is to find out the idiomatic expressions and semiotic cues shown in Marvel’s Avengers: Endgame (2019) Movie as final one to conclude all the movies on the Infinity Saga. This Saga consist of twenty-three movies started from Iron Man in 2008 until Avengers: Endgame in 2019. This research employs qualitative descriptive method while sociolinguistics and semiotic are used as the approaches. The movies’ scenes and dialogues are used as the primary data while scientific articles, books, and popular articles as secondary data. The data will be analyzed by reducing, displaying, and concluding them into the suitable categories and being explained. The researchers use McCarty and O’Dell’s theory of idioms and Peirce’s theory of signs for the data analysis. By doing this research, it is found that many kinds of idiomatic expressions like similes, binomials, proverbs, etc. can be found on the movies so that it will be easier for the readers to understand the usage of idiomatic expressions in any form of context. It is also hope that by identifying the messages signed by the symbols shown on the movies, the readers can be inspired and refer to societal reality. This research may contribute to a wider understanding and implementation of idiomatic expressions usage in any context and trigger readers critical thinking in identifying messages shown in signs or texts.

A Multimodal Analysis of the Makuku Diapers Commercial Video Featuring Nikita Willy

Rini Adriati, Frina Diniarta Nur, Lavenia Oktaviani — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract: This study analyzes the multimodal aspects of the Makuku Diapers Commercial Video Featuring Nikita Willy. This study uses a qualitative method to examine five modes of multimodality: linguistics, visual, gestural, spatial, and audio. The data for this research was gathered from the commercial video on the YouTube channel. The study applies the theory of Kress and van Leeuwen (2001, as cited in Discourse Analyzer, 2024) to identify the semiotic signs in the commercial video. Kress and van Leeuwen's (2001) theory is used to analyze the linguistic mode, while the theories of van Leeuwen (2006, 2001, and 1999) are used for the visual mode. McNeill's (1992) theory is applied to the gestural mode. The spatial mode is analyzed using the theories of van Leeuwen (2006) and Kress and van Leeuwen (1996), and van Leeuwen's (1999) theory is used for the audio mode. Additionally, the study employs a three-point Likert scale (Likert, 1932)—Effective, Somewhat Effective, and Ineffective—to assess the effectiveness of the modes and their aspects in the commercial video. Findings indicate that all five modes of multimodality are present and effectively utilized in the commercial, with the visual mode being the most successfully executed.